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Audio-Visuals > Selections form
Rig Veda > Vivāha Sūktā |
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Introduction ( Mandala 10, Sūktā
85) |
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This is a long Sūktā
of
47 mantra describing the symbolic marriage of Surya, daughters of
Sun or Surya symbolising knowledge with the bridegroom Soma,
symbolising Delight. Even today several mantras from this hymn are
chanted in Hindu marriages. These verses indicate the high status
accorded to women in the Vedic age. The parents-in-law and the
husband's sisters are exhorted to treat the incoming daughter in
law as a queen.
The symbolism behind
Soma, the symbolism behind the marriage chariot and other aspects
human marriage are all described here.
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Text (Hymn (10.85)) |
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satyenottabhitā bhūmiĥ
sūryeņottabhitā dyauĥ |
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ŗtenādityāstişhţhanti divi
somo adhi shritaĥ |
|| 1 || |
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somena ādityā balinaĥ
somena pŗthivī mahī |
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atho nakşhatrāņām eşhām
upasthe soma āhitaĥ |
|| 2 || |
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somam manyate papivān yat
sampimşhanti oşhadhim |
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somam yam brahmāņo vidurna
tasyāshnāti kashchana |
|| 3 || |
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āchchhad vidhānair gupito
bārhataiĥ soma rakşhitaĥ |
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gravņāmichchhŗņvan
tişhţhasi na te ashnāti pārthivaĥ |
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yattvā deva prapibanti
tata ā pyāyase punaĥ |
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vāyuĥ somasya rakşitā
samānām māsa ākŗtiĥ |
|| 5 || |
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raibhyāsīdanudeyī
nārāshamsī nyochanī |
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sūryāyā bhadramidvāso
gāthayaiti parişhkŗtam |
|| 6 || |
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chittirā upabarhaņam
chakşhurā abhyaňjanam |
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dyaur bhūmiĥ kosha
āsīdyadayātsūryā patim |
|| 7 || |
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stomā āsanpratidhayaĥ
kurīram chhanda opashaĥ |
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sūryāyā ashvinā
varāgnirāsītpurogavaĥ |
|| 8 || |
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somo vadhūyurabhavad
ashvināstāmubhā varā |
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sūryām yatpatye shamsantīm
manasā savitādadāt |
|| 9 || |
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mano asyā ana āsīd
dyaurāsīduta chchhadiĥ |
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shukrāvanadvāhāvāstām
yadayātsūryā gŗham |
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10 || |
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ŗksāmābhyāmabhihitau gāvau
te sāmanāvitaĥ |
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shrotram te chakre āstām
divi panthāshcharācharaĥ |
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11 || |
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shuchī te chakre yātyā
vyāno akşha āhataĥ |
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ano manasmayam
sūryārohatprayatī patim |
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12 || |
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sūryāyā vahatuĥ
prāgātsavitā yamavāsŗjat |
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ano manasmayam
sūryārohatprayatī patim |
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13 || |
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yad ashvinā
pŗchchhamānāvayātam trichakreņa vahatum sūryāyāĥ |
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vishve devā anu
tadvāmajānan putraĥ pitarāvavŗņīta pūşhā |
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14 || |
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yadayātam shubhaspatī
vareyam sūryāmupa |
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vishve devā anu
tadvāmajānan putraĥ pitarāvavŗņīta pūşhā |
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15 || |
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dve te chakre sūrye
brahmāņa ŗtuthā viduĥ |
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athaikam chakram yadguhā
tadadhdātaya idviduĥ |
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16 || |
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sūryāyai devebhyo mitrāya
varuņāya cha |
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ye bhūtasya prachetasa
idam tebhyokaram namaĥ |
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17 || |
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pūrvāparam charato
māyayaitau shishū krīļantau pari yāto adhvaram |
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vishvānyanyo
bhuvanābhichaşhţa ŗtūnranyo vidadhajjāyate punaĥ |
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18 || |
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navonavo bhavati
jāyamānohnām keturuşhasāmetyagram |
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bhāgam devebhyo vi
dadhātyāyan pra chandramāstirate dīrdhamāyuĥ |
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19 || |
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sukimshukam shalmalim
vishvarūpam hiraņyavarņam suvŗtam suchakram |
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ā roha sūrye amŗtasya
lokam syonam patye vahatum kŗņuşhva |
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20 || |
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udīrşhvātaĥ pativatī
hyeşhā ishvāvasum namasā gīrbhirīļe |
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anyāmichchha pitŗşhadam
vyaktām sa te bhāgo januşhā tasya vidhdi |
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21 || |
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udīrşhvāto vishvāvaso
namaseļāmahe tvā |
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anyāmichchha prapharvyam
sam jāyām patyā sŗja |
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22 || |
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anŗkşharā ŗjavaĥ santu
panthā yebhiĥ sakhāyo yanti no vareyam |
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samaryamā sam bhago no
ninīyātsam jāspatyam suyamamastu devāĥ |
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23 || |
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ra tvā munchāmi varuņasya
pāshādyena tvābadhnātsavitā sushevaĥ |
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ŗtasya yonau sukŗtasya
lokerişhţām tvā saha patyā dadhāmi |
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24 || |
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preto munchāmi nāmutaĥ
subadhdāmamutaskaram |
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yatheyam indra mīdhvaĥ
suputrā subhagāsati |
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25 || |
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pūşhā tveto nayatu
hastagŗhyāshvinā tvā pra vahatām rathena |
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gŗhān gachchha gŗhapatnī
yathāso vashinī tvam vidathamā vadāsi |
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26 || |
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iha priyam prajayā te
samŗdhyatām asmin gŗhe gārhapatyāya jāgŗhi |
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enā patyā tanvam sam
sŗjasvādhā jivrī vidathamā vadāthaĥ |
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27 || |
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nīlalohitam bhavati
kŗtyāsaktirvyajyate |
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edhante asyā jňatayaĥ
patirbandheşhu badhayate |
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28 || |
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parā dehi shāmulyam
brahmabhyo vi bhajā vasu |
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kŗtyaişhā padvatī bhūtvyā
jāyā svamangamabhidhitsate |
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29 || |
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ashrīrā tanūrbhavati
rushatī pāpayāmuyā |
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patiryadvadhvosh vāsasā
svamangamabhidhitsate |
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30 || |
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ye vadhvashchandram
vahatum yakşmā yanti janādanu |
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punastān yajňiyā devā
nayantu yata āgatāĥ |
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31 || |
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mā vidan paripanthino ya
āsīdanti dampatī |
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sugebhirdugamatītāmapa
drāntvarātayaĥ |
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32 || |
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sumangalīriyam vadhūrimām
sameta pashyata |
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saubhāgyamasyai
dattvāyāthāstam vi paretana |
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33 || |
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tŗşhţametatkaţukametadapāşhţhavadvişhavannaitadattave |
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sūryām yo brahmā vidyātsa
idvādhūyamarhati |
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34 || |
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āshasanam vishasanamatho
adhivikartanam |
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sūryāyāĥ pashya rūpāņi
tāni brahmā tu shundhati |
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35 || |
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gŗbhņāmi te saubhagatvāya
hastam mayā patyā jaradaşhţiryathāsaĥ |
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bhaRgo aryamā savitā
purandhirmahyam tvādurgārhapatyāya devāĥ |
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36 || |
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tām
pūşhachchhivatamāmeraysva yasyām bījam manuşhyā vapanti |
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yā na ūrū ushatī
vishrayāte yasyāmushantaĥ praharāma shepam |
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37 || |
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tubhyamagre
paryavahantsūryām vahatunā saha |
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punaĥ patibhyo jāyām dā
agne prajayā saha |
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38 || |
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punaĥ patnīm
agniradādāyuşhā saha varchasā |
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dīrghāyurasyā yaĥ
patirjīvāti sharadaĥ shatam |
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39 || |
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somaĥ prathamo vivide
gandharvo uttaraĥ |
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tŗtīyo aginşhţe
patisturīyaste manuşhyajāĥ |
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40 || |
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somo dadadgnandharvāya
gandharvo dadad agnaye |
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rayim cha
putrānshchādādagnirmahyamatho imām |
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41 || |
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ihaiva stam mā vi yauşhţam
vishvamāyurvyashnutam |
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krīļantau
putrairnaptŗbhirmodamānau sve gŗhe |
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42 || |
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ā naĥ prajām janayatu
prajāpatirājarasāya samanaktvaryamā |
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adurmangalīĥ patilokamā
visha sham no bhava dvipade sha chatuşhpade |
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43 || |
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aghorachakşhur
apatighnyedhi shivā pashubhyaĥ sumanāĥ suvarchāĥ |
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vīrasūrdevakāmā syonā sham
no bhava dvipade sham chatuşhpade |
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44 || |
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imām tvamindra mīdhvaĥ
suputrām subhagām kŗņu |
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dashāsyām putrānā dhehi
patimekādasham kŗdhi |
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45 || |
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samrājňī shvashure bhava
shvarvām bhava |
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nanāndari samrājňī bhava
samrājňī adhi devŗşhu |
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46 || |
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samaňjantu vishve devāĥ
samāpo hŗdayāni nau |
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sam mātarishvā sam dhātā
samu deşhţrī dadhātu nau |
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47 || |
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Translation |
By Truth is the earth sustained, and by the
sun are the heavens;
By Ruta the
Adityas stand and Soma is set in the sky. |
(1) |
By Soma are Adityas
strong, and by Soma the earth is mighty;
thus is Soma placed in the midst of all these
constellations. |
(2) |
One thinks one has drunk the Soma after they
crushed the plant's juice,
but of the Soma, known to men of sacred knowledge, none
ever drank. |
(3) |
Sheltered by the protective rules, Soma,
guarded by Brihati hymns,
thou standest listening to
press-stones, never mortal partakes of thee. |
(4) |
When, Deva, they
drink of thee, then thou swellest out
again,
Vayu is Soma's protector, it is
the Moon that shapes the year. |
(5) |
Raibhi was the
bride's maid, and Narasamsi her escort
Home,
and lovely was Surya's garment,
embellished by the Gatha song. |
(6) |
Thought was the pillow of her couch, and
sight the unguent of her eyes,
heaven and earth her treasure-box, when
Surya went to her husband. |
(7) |
Hymns were cross-bars of the chariot-pole,
the Kurira metre
its decoration,
Ashvins were the bridesmen of
Surya and Agni
the party-leader. |
(8) |
Soma was the maiden's wooer, the two
Ashvins the groom's best men,
when Savitri gave away
Surya, to the husband she admired from
her heart. |
(9) |
Her mind was the bridal chariot, and its
canopy, was the sky,
two bright orbs the two steers that drew it when
Surya went to her home. |
(10) |
Yoked by Rik and
Saman chants thy two steers were kept
in equal pace,
thy two wheels were all ears, thy path for movement and
halting was the sky. |
(11) |
Pure, while thou
wentest, were thy wheels, and the wind was the axle
fastened;
she mounted a chariot of the mind when
Surya went to her husband. |
(12) |
The bridal procession of
Surya, which
Savitri had sent, advanced.
The oxen are driven in
Magha, in
Arjunis the bride is wedded. |
(13) |
When, Ashvin,
you came on the three-wheeled chariot with a
proposal for Surya's marriage,
then all the Devas assented to
it, then Pushan as son chose you as
Fathers. |
(14) |
When you came, Ye Lords of
light, came for the wooing of
Surya,
where was one wheel of your chariot? Where did you stand
for the father's word ? |
(15) |
Two of thy chariot wheels, O
Surya! the
priests know well by their season;
and the one wheel that lies concealed, those knowing the
highest truths have known. |
(16) |
To Surya and to
the Devas, to
Mitra, and to Varuna,
who know well all that exists, to them I offer my homage. |
(17) |
One after another, by their power, move
these Two,
they go round like two playing children
around the sacrifice;
one surveys all existing things, and the other
ordering the seasons, is born again and
again. |
(18) |
Born afresh, he is new and new for ever,
the ensign of days, he comes before the
dawns;
their share to the Devas he
gives as he goes;
the Moon stretches long the period of
our life. |
(19) |
Mount, Surya,
the car of good Kimshuka and
Shalmali,
multiform, gold-hued, well covered,
smooth-wheeled,
bound for the immortal world, and make
a happy bridal journey to thy husband. |
(20) |
Rise from here; this maiden has a husband. I
worship Vishvavasu
with homage and hymns.
Seek another maiden, well adorned, living
in her father's house. Know this as thy
portion from of old. |
(21) |
Rise from here,
Vishvavasu, we worship thee with reverence;
Seek another growing maiden, and leave this wife with the husband. |
(22) |
Thornless and
straight may the pathways be
by which our friends go wooing to the
bride;
May Aryaman and
Bhaga lead us together:
may the union of husband and wife,
Devas, be easily formed. |
(23) |
I set thee free from the noose of
Varuna,
by which the gracious
Savitri bound thee.
In the home of Ruta and the world of
virtuous acts
I unite thee, unhurt, with thy husband. |
(24) |
I set thee free from here, and not from
there; I place thee firmly bound;
so that she, O bounteous Indra!
may have good sons and good fortune. |
(25) |
May Pushan lead
thee from here by the hand;
may Ashvins
convey thee in their chariot.
Go to the house, the house-hold's mistress. Ruler
of the home, thou wilt address the assembly. |
(26) |
Here may affection increase well with thy
children;
in this home be watchful in ruling the
house-hold;
with this thy husband completely unite thyself;
and then, both growing old, address the
assembly. |
(27) |
Blue and red is the complexion of
Kritya whose attachment is snapped.
All kinsmen of the bride prosper, and her husband is bound in
bonds. |
(28) |
Put away the woolen robe, and make gifts of
wealth to the priest,
else this Kritya, endowed with
feet, enters the husband's heart as wife. |
(29) |
Graceless becomes that body and it glistens
with the wicked one,
when with the garment of his wife a husband wants to wrap
himself. |
(30) |
The diseases, from the people, which follow
the grand bridal train-
may the holy Devas take them
back to the place from where they came. |
(31) |
Let not those who lie
in ambush find the married couple; may they
pass the danger through pleasant paths; let the malignant
ran away. |
(32) |
Most blissful is this bride. Come you all
together here and see her,
and wish her every good fortune and then return to your
homes. |
(33) |
Pungent is this, bitter is this, as if
filled with barbs, not fit for use;
the priest who knows Surya well
surely deserves the bridal robe. |
(34) |
Behold the comely forms of
Surya! her
border-cloth and her headwear,
and her garment triply parted, these the priest has
sanctified. |
(35) |
take thy hand for good fortune, that thou
mayst
attain old age with me thy husband. Devas-
Bhaga, Aryaman,
Savitri, Purandhi-
have given me thee to be my
house-hold's mistress. |
(36) |
Pushan, arouse
her, the most blissful one;
through whom a new generation will
spring to life.
She, in the ardour of her love, will
meet me,
and I ardently loving, will meet her. |
(37) |
For thee at first they escorted
Surya with her bridal train;
Give the wife, Agni, to the husband
and also give her progeny. |
(38) |
Agni has given
him the wife with long life and brilliance;
long-lived be he who is her husband, may he live a hundred
autumns. |
(39) |
Soma took her up first of
all, thereafter the
Gandharva guarded her,
and thy third protector was Agni,
and the son of man is thy fourth. |
(40) |
Soma gave her to the
Gandharva,
the Gandharva gave her to
Agni,
And Agni has given her to me granting
me wealth and sons. |
(41) |
Live you two here, be not parted,
enjoy the full length of life,
sporting, with your sons and grandsons, rejoicing in your
own abode. |
(42) |
May Prajapati
bring forth children of us, may
Aryaman unite us together till old
age,
Not inauspicious, enter thou thy husband's house,
be gracious to our bipeds and our
quadrupeds. |
(43) |
Come, not evil-eyed, not a cause of thy
husband's death,
good to animals, kind-hearted,
glorious,
a mother of heroes, loving the Devas,
pleasant, gracious to bipeds and
quadrupeds. |
(44) |
Make her, thou bounteous
Indra, a good mother of sons; grant
her
good fortune; give her ten sons and make her husband the
eleventh. |
(45) |
Be a queen to thy father-in-law, a queen to
thy mother-in-law,
a queen to thy husband's sisters, and a queen to thy
husband's brothers. |
(46) |
May the universal
Devas,
and Apas join our hearts together;
so may Matarishvan,
Dhatri and
Dveshtri unite us both. |
(47) |
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